Dnister
Dnister is the third longest river in Ukraine
When entering the Black Sea, it forms the Dniester Estuary. Third in length within Ukraine (after the Dnieper and Southern Bug) and ninth in Europe.
From Halych to Khotyn, the river forms the Dniester Canyon, which since 2008 has been included in the list of seven natural wonders of Ukraine.
The Dniester in the middle reaches the historical boundary between the ancient cultural and ethnographic regions of Bukovina and Galicia, in the middle and lower reaches between Podillya and Bessarabia.
From Halych to Khotyn, the river forms the Dniester Canyon, which since 2008 has been included in the list of seven natural wonders of Ukraine.
The Dniester in the middle reaches the historical boundary between the ancient cultural and ethnographic regions of Bukovina and Galicia, in the middle and lower reaches between Podillya and Bessarabia.
The length of the river is 1 362 km (in Ukraine - 705 km), the area of the pool is 72 100 km².
The Dnister at the top (within the Ukrainian Carpathians) is a typical mountain river with a narrow and deep valley. The plain goes below the town of Old Sambir. From there to the mouth of the Dnister is flat. The valley becomes wide (up to 13 km). Below the town of Galicia the valley narrows again - here the river flows between the Podolsk and the Subcarpathian heights, as well as the Khotyn. At the bottom, the river faces the Black Sea lowland, where its valley is 16–22 km wide.
The Dnister River floodplain (within the Upper Dnister Basin and below) is dismembered by many old women and straits (such as the Turunchuk sleeve), the mouth is overgrown with reeds (the Dnister Plains). The width of the valley at the mouth is 16–22 km, in the middle stream the valley is wide, winding, rich in picturesque landscapes.
The Dnister's feed is mixed, with a predominance of snow. Characteristic spring floods and autumn rainy floods.
The Dnister River floodplain (within the Upper Dnister Basin and below) is dismembered by many old women and straits (such as the Turunchuk sleeve), the mouth is overgrown with reeds (the Dnister Plains). The width of the valley at the mouth is 16–22 km, in the middle stream the valley is wide, winding, rich in picturesque landscapes.
The Dnister's feed is mixed, with a predominance of snow. Characteristic spring floods and autumn rainy floods.
The river basin lies within three countries: Poland, Ukraine and Moldova. Most of it is located in Ukraine. Here it occupies a considerable part of the territories of seven regions of southwestern Ukraine (Lviv, Ivano-Frankivsk, Chernivtsi, Ternopil, Khmelnytsky, Vinnytsia and Odessa regions). In Moldova, the Dnister basin covers the eastern and north-eastern regions of the republic and occupies most of it (59%). In Poland, only a small part of the basin is located - its northwestern outskirts (the upper reaches of the two left Carpathian tributaries of the Dnister - Strivigora and Mszhanka).
The origin of the name has not been fully established. There is a long time ago. Different peoples and tribes, moving in the river basin, took the name in a new way and changed it every time.
The river was first mentioned by Herodotus in the 5th c. BC. as a border with Scythia, a river called Tyras. The same name was given to the ancient Greek city (Tiras, Thira) at the mouth of the Dnister River, on the western bank of its estuary (the name of the town Tiraspol derives from this ancient hydronym). Later Strabo and Ptolemy called her Scythian name Tiras. This ancient term comes from the Iranian adjective "fast" (Kurdish "wild, unbridled").
The modern name is first mentioned in the IV century. Ammianus Marcellinus as Danastius. Researchers derive the origin of this name in different ways. One plausible version: the name comes from the ancient Iranian words "yes", "to", "yes". The concept of "river" in ancient times was denoted by a pair of pre-Indo-European monosyllabic words "yes on" (flowing here), "up on" (flowing here), "flowing on" (flowing inside here). This is where the first part of the word - "Dn-" comes from. Gothic historian Jordan calls the Danaster River. Here Danastris is considered as a two-member name, which is a combination of two appeals - dan + stree. In the lower reaches, the river was named Don in the sense of "water", "river"; Wed: Don, Donetsk, Dnipro (Danapris), Danube (German Donau), and in the upper one is Stryi, which means "fast". This interpretation is supported by most researchers. The Scythians said something like "don Istros" like we say: "Dnipro river" or "Dnister river". Subsequently, this phrase merged into one word. Researchers suggest that the word Istros in the Thracian language also meant "fast," that is, the same as Tiras in the Scythian language. Moldovans and Romanians have long called the river Nistra. In ancient Russia, the river was originally known as the Dnister. This name, as the primary one, came to Ukraine as well. Later on, it became known as the Dnister, the Dnister, parallel to the Moldovan influence - Nistr. Therefore, the name of the Dnister is not Scythian, as some researchers have interpreted it, but Soskite. The modern phonetic appearance of the Dnister belongs to the language of the Slavs. The local (in the narrow sense) population of the Dnister is also known as the Coast.
The Dnister starts from a small spring located in the southern part of the Verkhnodnistrovsky Beskidy (Ukrainian Carpathians) massif, southwest of Rozluch Mountain, at an altitude of 818 m above sea level. From its origins to the town of Old Sambir the river winds its way among the Carpathian mountains, then flows through the plains of Ukraine and Moldova.
The river can be divided into three parts: the mountain - the Carpathian, the middle - the Podolsk and the lower - the Black Sea.
The origin of the name has not been fully established. There is a long time ago. Different peoples and tribes, moving in the river basin, took the name in a new way and changed it every time.
The river was first mentioned by Herodotus in the 5th c. BC. as a border with Scythia, a river called Tyras. The same name was given to the ancient Greek city (Tiras, Thira) at the mouth of the Dnister River, on the western bank of its estuary (the name of the town Tiraspol derives from this ancient hydronym). Later Strabo and Ptolemy called her Scythian name Tiras. This ancient term comes from the Iranian adjective "fast" (Kurdish "wild, unbridled").
The modern name is first mentioned in the IV century. Ammianus Marcellinus as Danastius. Researchers derive the origin of this name in different ways. One plausible version: the name comes from the ancient Iranian words "yes", "to", "yes". The concept of "river" in ancient times was denoted by a pair of pre-Indo-European monosyllabic words "yes on" (flowing here), "up on" (flowing here), "flowing on" (flowing inside here). This is where the first part of the word - "Dn-" comes from. Gothic historian Jordan calls the Danaster River. Here Danastris is considered as a two-member name, which is a combination of two appeals - dan + stree. In the lower reaches, the river was named Don in the sense of "water", "river"; Wed: Don, Donetsk, Dnipro (Danapris), Danube (German Donau), and in the upper one is Stryi, which means "fast". This interpretation is supported by most researchers. The Scythians said something like "don Istros" like we say: "Dnipro river" or "Dnister river". Subsequently, this phrase merged into one word. Researchers suggest that the word Istros in the Thracian language also meant "fast," that is, the same as Tiras in the Scythian language. Moldovans and Romanians have long called the river Nistra. In ancient Russia, the river was originally known as the Dnister. This name, as the primary one, came to Ukraine as well. Later on, it became known as the Dnister, the Dnister, parallel to the Moldovan influence - Nistr. Therefore, the name of the Dnister is not Scythian, as some researchers have interpreted it, but Soskite. The modern phonetic appearance of the Dnister belongs to the language of the Slavs. The local (in the narrow sense) population of the Dnister is also known as the Coast.
The Dnister starts from a small spring located in the southern part of the Verkhnodnistrovsky Beskidy (Ukrainian Carpathians) massif, southwest of Rozluch Mountain, at an altitude of 818 m above sea level. From its origins to the town of Old Sambir the river winds its way among the Carpathian mountains, then flows through the plains of Ukraine and Moldova.
The river can be divided into three parts: the mountain - the Carpathian, the middle - the Podolsk and the lower - the Black Sea.
Interesting Facts
The river Stryi, at the point of confluence with the Dnister, is deeper than it. Nevertheless, it is its tributary. In addition, in the area of Turki (8 km from the Dniester River), the river Stryi is already so full of water that it can be navigated by boats.
In the town of Zalischyk there was a climate resort during the Polish Republic (before the Second World War). Here the city is located in a wide bend of the Dnister Canyon and is surrounded on three sides by its high and steep slopes. Due to this, there is a microclimate in Zalishchyky and its environs; is noticeably warmer here than in the surrounding areas. In the pre-war Polish textbooks on geography, this area was called "Polish subtropics".
In the town of Zalischyk there was a climate resort during the Polish Republic (before the Second World War). Here the city is located in a wide bend of the Dnister Canyon and is surrounded on three sides by its high and steep slopes. Due to this, there is a microclimate in Zalishchyky and its environs; is noticeably warmer here than in the surrounding areas. In the pre-war Polish textbooks on geography, this area was called "Polish subtropics".
Interesting numbers
Geological evolution of the earth's crust and life from more than 400 million years ago is recorded in the Dniester Canyon
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